Which security model incorporates the "no write up" and "no read down" rules?
A.
Biba
B.
Bell-LaPadula
C.
Information flow
D.
Clark-Wilson
Explanation:
The Biba model focuses on protecting the integrity of the data rather than confidentiality, as in the Bell-LaPadula model. The "no write up" rule ensures that a subject at a lower level of integrity cannot corrupt or negatively affect the higher integrity object. The "no read down" rule ensures that the higher integrity level subject cannot degrade its integrity by obtaining data from an object of lower integrity.