To what does "message repudiation" refer to what concept in the realm of email security?

To what does “message repudiation” refer to what concept in the realm of email security?

A.
Message repudiation means a user can validate which mail server or servers a message was passed through.

B.
Message repudiation means a user can claim damages for a mail message that damaged their reputation.

C.
Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a particular person.

D.
Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a certain host.

E.
Message repudiation means a sender can claim they did not actually send a particular message.